Den här uppsatsen ämnar svara på frågan om och hur manlig amning kan utmana existerande uppfattningar om maskulinitet. Vi vill analysera hur maskulinitet uppfattas i personernas resonemang genom att undersöka deras argument om manlig amning. De olika uppfattningarna gällande ämnet är fokus för vår undersökning. Genom att använda teorier om genussystemets isärhållande, performativitet och maskulinitet fastställer vi att maskuliniteten är föränderlig och därmed öppen för omförhandling. Slutsatsen blir att manlig amning är kontext ? och aktörsbunden, vem som utför amningen, var och hur, avgör om maskuliniteten uppfattas som utmanad eller ej.

This study looks to establish which implications the norm, use and view on the written Swedish language in society and school might have in regards to the teaching of Swedish in the Upper Secondary School, specifically year one. It poses questions as to which views on norm and use can be found in textbooks, in syllabi and in the everyday work of teachers. Through research and analysis of the last three syllabi of the Swedish subject and three corresponding textbooks, along with interviews with two teachers of Swedish, it is shown that from the 1970s onward, there has been a shift from a language norm that incorporates everybody and makes everybody responsible to a language norm that in essence is second to the individual progress of students and successful written communication. It is argued that one does not necessarily exclude the other and that, given a successful education, students may use their knowledge of lingual norm to excel in written language activities..

This paper was aimed to investigate how a sexual education website, UMO.se, with an explicit norm-critical approach to their work achieved its goal to be norm-critical and inclusive in terms of gender, gender identity and sexual orientation. The investigation was focused on a section of the website, "Ask UMO" where the website visitors could submit questions, which were answered by a midwife, a nurse, a counselor, a psychologist, a nutritionist or a doctor. The questions focused on examining how well the "Ask UMO" lived up to UMOs target norm criticism and if there was any differences between the different professions in how norm-critical and inclusive they were. This was examined by a discourse analysis inspired by Foucault and based on Judith Butler's theory of the heterosexual matrix. The study found that "Ask UMO" in 350 of the sections 425 questions reached UMOs goal to be the norm-critical and inclusive.

Bakgrunden till denna studie och det problem vi velat belysa grundade sig i tankar kring hurlite utrymme manlig homosexualitet har inom idrotten, och hur bilden och normen av denhomosexuelle idrottsmannen kan konstrueras i en manlig idrottsmiljö. Syftet med dennastudie var att undersöka hur ett manligt idrottslag talar om könsnormer och sexualitet, samthur de genom språket konstruerar manlig homosexualitet. Utifrån en socialkonstruktivistiskoch queerteoretisk ansats genomfördes studien på ett manligt seniorhandbollslag, med hjälpav två fokusgruppsintervjuer. Resultaten bearbetades därefter genom en diskursanalys. Istudien framkommer att spelarna uttrycker en acceptans vad gäller manlig homosexualitet,men att de samtidigt upplever det som något avvikande inom idrotten.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how staff at secondary schools are thinking and reasoning about notifications to social services based on norm breaking behaviors in students. To find this out five qualitative interviews has been made with counselors in two public schools and three private schools in Örebro län. The results show that there is no clear definition of what norm breaking behavior is which making the reasoning difficult. There are clear procedures for the staff to dealing with norm breaking behaviors but they do not know when they will be applied. The decision to report behavior to the social service is usually not taken individually, it is a result of several people?s views and experiences.

AbstractHomosexuality is surely accepted in today´s society - or isn´t it? Many things have changed, for instance laws, which are in favour for homosexuals, have been introduced, in Sweden that is. As we although know, many things are not only dependent on what laws tell us to do. The society also contains values and norms and they furthermore exist in individuals. Regarding sexuality, the norm is heterosexuality.How much does the norm affect our way of living? In what way is it encouraged? What happens to people who don´t live up to the norm? How is it to be homosexual in today´s society? These are some of the questions that we look upon in this paper.

Hur kan en läsupplevelse skapas med inriktning mot manliga läsare? Genom att ta reda på vad som format boken till hur den ser ut idag, undersöka fenomenet "visual writing" och skillnader i manlig/kvinnlig läsning kunde begränsningar och möjligheter skönjas för att utveckla formgivningen av en tryckt artefakt med skönlitterär text. Möjligheterna för digital bokformgivning är stor men i detta arbete undersöktes hur den tryckta boken kan utvecklas vidare. Utifrån respons på det färdiga resultatet kunde en tendens ses att en manlig målgrupp kan uppskatta visuella element i skönlitterära böcker, och att det är något som inte stör läsningen..

Depression är en av de stora folksjukdomarna i Sverige och av män i västvärlden riskerar 20 % någon gång att drabbas av en depression som kräver professionell hjälp. Män med depression har ofta dolda symtom därför är det svårt att upptäcka manlig depression ute i samhället.  Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att belysa hur depression kan ta sig uttryck hos män och hur vårdpersonal kan vara till stöd. Litteratursökningen har gjorts i Cinahl, PubMed och Psykinfo och resultatet grundas på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar, varv av fem är kvantitativa och tre är kvalitativa. Resultatet presenterades i två huvudkategorier, ?uttryck för depression hos män? och ?hjälp och stöd?.

From an anti-oppressive and a gender perspective, the aim of this paper is to examine whether three English teachers at a comprehensive school in Stockholm make gender conscious selections when selecting novels for their English literature lessons. Through quantitative research, semi-structured interviews and e-mail interviews with these teachers I have attempted to find out if they include both male and female writers when selecting English novels for their students and also what factors affect their selections. I have analyzed the interviews and the quantitative research by using a qualitative and a quantitative content analysis. The theories that I have established my analysis upon are gender theories about the male norm in society, the feminist Simone de Beauvoir?s ideas about the woman as a second gender and the sociologist Raewyn Connell?s gender regimes.

The purpose of this study is to examine how some people who do not want children construct their identity in a context where children is the norm. The study therefore focuses on how they legitimate and present their identity in this context. 4 women and 2 men with the intention to remain childless have therefore been interviewed, and from these interviews I analyze and describe how intentional childless people construct their identity. My theoretical framework is built up by discourse psychology and gender/heterosexual hegemony theories. The thesis shows that it is hard for the intentional childless to construct their identity as once and for all given, the identity is constructed as a ?norm? against the norm, as well as affected by the norm.

This thesis has focused on the construction of homosexual parenthood in Swedish law and preparatory work. The purpose was to describe the norms about legal parenthood and examine if and how homosexual parenthood was included in the normative parenthood. The study was jurisprudential and based on methods such as sociology with a juridical focus and critical discourse analysis of the juridical texts. The theoretical framework was the critical discourse analysis as well as a queer perspective, both influenced by social constructionism and a poststructional theory. The conclusion of the study is that parenthood is described from what is presumably best for the child, which is two parents of different sexes and biological origin.

By the same time as the recent enlargement of the European Union, where Poland became a member, it was officially stated that the gender mainstreaming-policy was to be integrated into every area of EU. NGO:s working as entrepreneurs for the gender mainstreaming norm in Poland supported the accession largely because they believed it would help spreading the norm also on a national level. Qualitatively analyzing the Polish case and the difficulties gender mainstreaming as a norm candidate meets with I contrast expectations with what could actually be EU:s role in this matter.Arguing that EU is a context with room for spreading norms by both bargaining and socialization, this paper takes a social constructivist approach. Gender mainstreaming as a norm is difficult for EU to apply on their members, and thus was not widely discussed during accession negotiations. In the same time.

Den här studien är ett bidrag till forskning om hur genus påverkar beslutsfattande i kris. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om graden av manlig dominans i parlamentet påverkar benägenheten för en våldsinriktad krishantering. Manlig dominans, demokrati och korruption samt staters benägenhet att använda våld verkar hänga ihop, men med komplexa samband och relationer.Som teoretisk ram används genusforskning från främst kritiska maskulinitetsstudier. Homosocialt kapital är en viktig valuta för politiker, dels för att kunna klara av situationer av osäkerhet, dels av pragmatiska skäl för att bygga politiska nätverk. Militariserad maskulinitet visar på graden av militarism i samhället och kopplar detta till normen om hegemonisk maskulinitet.

I denna uppsats studeras konstruktionen av bilden som ges i svensk tidningsmedias presentation av två svenska politiker vad gäller föräldraskap, kön och manlighet i relation till det politiska ledarskapet. För att genomföra studien bygger uppsatsen på teorier och tidigare forskning inom CSM- kritiska studier på män, inklusive teorier från svenska forskare såsom Klinth och Klinth & Johansson inom forskning om föräldraförsäkringen och män. I tidigare forskning har det konstaterats att politiken bygger på en Manlig norm, men att föräldraskapet bygger på en kvinnlig norm, därav är det av intresse att se hur den manliga normen förändras eller samverkar med föräldraskapet i relation till politiskt ledarskap. Analysen genomfördes därför genom att studera presentationen av Gustav Fridolin och Birgitta Ohlsson, två rikskända politiker som båda blivit föräldrar inom en ganska nära tid.I uppsatsens analys visas att det finns delade meningar i uppfattningen om hur föräldraskapet ska moderniseras eller frigöras från traditionella sociala mönster i studien om Gustav Fridolin och Birgitta Ohlsson i relation till föräldraskapet, samt att det förekommer två tydliga diskurser i ämnesområdet..

This thesis is based on qualitative text analyses of four works of fiction, used as teaching materials in the school subject of Swedish, from a queer theoretic perspective. The purpose of the study is to examine how sexual identities and expressions are being presented, as well as what positions are offered a reader, in relation to the heterosexual norm. Basis for this thesis are the schools fundamental values, which highlights the importance that intolerance be confronted through both knowledge and active measures, and the syllabus, which states that fiction should be viewed as a tool for identity development as well as an understanding of the outside world.The analyses reveals a distinct connection between the generally accepted heterosexual norm and a professed (or taken for granted) heterosexuality which is being carried out by the characters or the books as a whole. Out of the four titles only one disputes this norm, by offering a wide range of sexual identities and expressions. These expressions, however, are being invalidated ? through insufficient ability to relate to the norm ? or made invisible ? through an imagined heterosexuality which, by superiority over other expressions, excludes them..